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Native Americans & Columbus

At AntiTextbook.org, we have curated the best active learning lesson plans for American History Teachers.  We have sifted through the resources on amazing free sites like Stanford History Education Group (S.H.E.G.), Gilder Lehrman, and Facing History and Ourselves.  We’ve picked the best activities and given you a brief description.  You could skim through these sites yourself and read each of the 15-page activity descriptions.  Or you can let us do the work of searching and synthesizing for you.


Each box below contains a lesson. The icons under each image tell you if the lesson contains primary sources, secondary sources, research, group work, a writing assignment, videos, or games. The description tells you which free site the lesson comes from, what grade levels it is intended for, how much class time it will take, and how much reading is required. We've added a word or two about the remote-readiness of each lesson.  Click the orange button at the bottom of each box for more information on the lesson.

Lessons on this page are about British Colonies in America.  We have divided the Activities into 2 categories:

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Native

Americans

Native Americans

Each of the teaching ideas below pertain to Native Americans before the arrival of Christopher Columbus.  Each teaching idea appears in its own box.  And each box indicates where the resources if from, the recommended grade level, whether it's remote ready, how long it will take, the length of the reading, and the link to the resource.  To learn more about it, click the box.

How and When Did People Originally Come to the Americas?

Lesson: Jigsaw

How and When Did People Originally Come to the Americas?

From: James W. Loewen's Book Teaching What Really Happened,

Chapter 6

Grade Level: (HS), (College)

Remote Ready: With Modifications

Time: 1-2 Class Periods

Length of Reading: Pages

Link:  None

There were no humans in the Americas up until about 16,000ish years ago (although estimates vary widely). When and how humans migrated to North America, depends upon who you ask. In his book, Loewen recommends the following. Put students in groups of 2-3. Have each group conduct internet research on a particular field of study and how experts in that field explain the migration of people to North America. Then have students put their findings into their own words and present. For a list of those fields of study interested in the migration, click the button below.
Marie's Dictionary

Movie: YouTube

Marie's Dictionary

From: Global Oneness Project

Grade Level: (MS), (HS), (College)

Remote Ready: Yes!

Time: 9 min

Length of Reading: None

Link:  Marie's Dictionary

Watch this film from the Global Oneness Project, which showcases Marie Wilcox's efforts to ensure that her native Wukchumni Language lives on in California, despite fewer than 200 Wukchumni people remaining.
Native American Creation Stories

Lesson: Primary Sources

Native American Creation Stories

From: Exploring US History

Grade Level: College is specified but we think it would be great for high school students too.

Remote Ready: With Modifications

Time: 1 Class Period

Length of Reading: Paragraphs

Link:  Native American Creation Stories

Read sections of creation stories from the Ottawa, Sioux, and New Netherlands. Then answer questions. Some background knowledge of Biblical creation stories might help with comparison questions.
Indigenous Americans in the Archaic Period

Lesson: Act it Out

Indigenous Americans in the Archaic Period

From: Cult of Pedagogy

Grade Level: (HS), (College)

Remote Ready: With Modifications

Time: 1-2 Class Periods

Length of Reading: Pages

Link:  Four Theater Games That Make Learning a Blast

Assign a group of students to each region of Native peoples who lived in the present-day United States during the Archaic period (roughly 8,000 to 1,000 BC), well before the arrival of Christopher Columbus. Each group is to research the people in their region--Great Plains Bison Hunters, Great Basin Cultures, Pacific Coast Cultures, or Eastern Woodland Cultures. Instead of doing a write-up on their findings, students will play a theater game called "Slideshow" to act out 5 scenes (either frozen like photos or short skits like gifs) that best represent the people of that region. Then a student can narrate as students act out those scenes in front of the class. Or students can post photos and captions of their slideshows either into the discussion feature of your LMS directly or via a slide deck.
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Columbus and

Contact

Columbus and Contact

Each of the teaching ideas below pertain to Native Americans before the arrival of Christopher Columbus.  Each teaching idea appears in its own box.  And each box indicates where the resources if from, the recommended grade level, whether it's remote ready, how long it will take, the length of the reading, and the link to the resource.  To learn more about it, click the box.

AdobeStock_746284108.jpeg

Lesson: Mock Trial

Mock Trial: Was Columbus Guilty of Genocide?

From: Zinn Education Project
Grade Level: MS, HS, (College)
Remote Ready: With Modifications
Time: Depends Upon Which Parts You Choose
Length of Reading: Depends on which method you choose for imparting background material

Link:  The People vs. Columbus, et al.

Each of 5 student groups represent one of the following in a mock trial: Columbus, the system of empire, Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand, Columbus's men, or the Tainos. The teacher is the prosecutor. Each Group must defend themselves against charges of genocide and indicate who they believe to be guilty. An excellent discussion ensues.
AdobeStock_746284108.jpeg

Lesson: Primary Sources

How Did Spanish Conquistadors Treat Native Americans?

From: Digital History

Grade Level: (HS), College

Remote Ready: With Modifications

Time: 1 Class Period or Less

Length of Reading: Paragraphs

Link:  How Cruel Were the Spanish?

Use 8 primary sources to investigate Spanish treatment of Native Americans. The "Teacher's Resource" Tab has questions to consider.
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Movie: YouTube

Columbian Exchange

From: Parlay Universe

Grade Level: (MS), (HS), (College)

Remote Ready: Yes!

Time: 1 Class Period or Less

Length of Reading: Paragraphs

Link:  Columbian Exchange

Have students check out a very short 2-3 minute video as well as a short reading on the Columbian Exchange. They answer a couple questions (provided), and then respond to 2 classmates' answers.
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Movie: Hit the Library

Guns, Germs, and Steel. Episode 2: "Conquest"

From: National Geographic

Grade Level: (MS), (HS), (College)

Remote Ready: Maybe

Time: 63 min

Length of Reading: None

Link:  None

Learn why Pizarro and his Spanish Conquistadors conquered the Inca, instead of the other way around. If your school (likely a community college or college) subscribes to the Films on Demand database, you and your students might be able to watch this online for free.
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Lesson: Many Options

An Early History of Slavery (African and Indigenous)

From: SPLC Learning for Justice

Grade Level: MS, HS, (College)

Remote Ready: With Modifications

Time: Depends Upon Lesson

Length of Reading: Pages

Link:  Teaching Hard History Framework

This site features short, curated lists of wonderful online resources and their descriptions, organized by topic. Follow the link, and scroll to the ship artwork and the "Pre-Colonial and Colonial Era (to 1763)" Heading. And then choose the Summary Objective that most interests you.

Citations for large images (smaller images are cited on the lesson plan's individual page):

 

Digitally altered image of Sebastiano del Piombo's Portrait of a Man, Said to be Christopher Columbus.  "Blinking Columbus," by Katie Cumpsten, 7 July 2025.

 

​Smith, John, and William Hole. Virginia. [London, 1624] Map. Library of Congress, www.loc.gov/item/99446115/.
​​
Guilane-Nachez, "Ch. Columbus : Discovering America - year 1492." AdobeStock 87151234, 7 July 2025, https://stock.adobe.com/images/ch-columbus-discovering-america-year-1492/87151234?prev_url=detail.

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